a.

ĐKXĐ: \(x^2+2x-1\ge0\)

\(x^2+2x-1+2\left(x-1\right)\sqrt{x^2+2x-1}-4x=0\)

Đặt \(\sqrt{x^2+2x-1}=t\ge0\)

\(\Rightarrow t^2+2\left(x-1\right)t-4x=0\)

\(\Delta'=\left(x-1\right)^2+4x=\left(x+1\right)^2\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=1-x+x+1=2\\t=1-x-x-1=-2x\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x^2+2x-1}=2\\\sqrt{x^2+2x-1}=-2x\left(x\le0\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2+2x-5=0\\3x^2-2x+1=0\left(vn\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow x=-1\pm\sqrt{6}\)

b.

ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge\dfrac{1}{5}\)

\(2x^2+x-3+2x-\sqrt{5x-1}+2-\sqrt[3]{9-x}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(2x+3\right)+\dfrac{\left(x-1\right)\left(4x-1\right)}{2x+\sqrt[]{5x-1}}+\dfrac{x-1}{4+2\sqrt[3]{9-x}+\sqrt[3]{\left(9-x\right)^2}}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(2x+3+\dfrac{4x-1}{2x+\sqrt[]{5x-1}}+\dfrac{1}{4+2\sqrt[3]{9-x}+\sqrt[3]{\left(9-x\right)^2}}\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=1\) (ngoặc đằng sau luôn dương)

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt[3]{x^2+3x+1}=a\\\sqrt[3]{5x+1}=b\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow a+a^3-b^3=b\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a-b+\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2+ab+b^2+1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a=b\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt[3]{x^2+3x+1}=\sqrt[3]{5x+1}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+3x+1=5x+1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow...\)

a. ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x^2+2x}=a>0\\\sqrt{2x-1}=b\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow a+b=\sqrt{3a^2-b^2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2=3a^2-b^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-ab-b^2=0\Leftrightarrow\left(a-\dfrac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2}b\right)\left(a+\dfrac{\sqrt{5}-1}{2}b\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a=\dfrac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2}b\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x^2+2x}=\dfrac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2}\sqrt{2x-1}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+2x=\dfrac{3+\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(2x-1\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-\left(\sqrt{5}+1\right)x+\dfrac{3+\sqrt{5}}{2}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\dfrac{\sqrt{5}+1}{2}\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{\sqrt{5}+1}{2}\)

b. ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge5\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{5x^2+14x+9}=\sqrt{x^2-x-20}+5\sqrt{x+1}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow5x^2+14x+9=x^2-x-20+25\left(x+1\right)+10\sqrt{\left(x+1\right)\left(x-5\right)\left(x+4\right)}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2-5x+2=5\sqrt{\left(x^2-4x-5\right)\left(x+4\right)}\)

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x^2-4x-5}=a\ge0\\\sqrt{x+4}=b>0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow2a^2+3b^2=5ab\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(2a-3b\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x^2-4x-5}=\sqrt{x+4}\\2\sqrt{x^2-4x-5}=3\sqrt{x+4}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2-4x-5=x+4\\4\left(x^2-4x-5\right)=9\left(x+4\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow...\)

1   ĐKXD \(x\ge1\)

.\(2x^2+5x-1=7\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)}\)

Đặt \(\sqrt{x-1}=a;\sqrt{x^2+x+1}=b\left(a,b\ge0\right)\)

=> \(2b^2+3a^2=2x^2+5x-1\)

=> \(2b^2+3a^2-7ab=0\)

<=> \(\orbr{\begin{cases}a=2b\\a=\frac{1}{3}b\end{cases}}\)

+ \(a=2b\)

=> \(2\sqrt{x^2+x+1}=\sqrt{x-1}\)

=> \(4x^2+3x+5=0\)vô nghiệm

+ \(a=\frac{1}{3}b\)

=> \(\sqrt{x^2+x+1}=3\sqrt{x-1}\)

=> \(x^2-8x+10=0\)

<=> \(\orbr{\begin{cases}x=4+\sqrt{6}\left(tmĐK\right)\\x=4-\sqrt{6}\left(kotmĐK\right)\end{cases}}\)

Vậy \(x=4+\sqrt{6}\)

ĐKXĐ:\(2x^2-1\ge0;x^2-3x-2\ge0;2x^2+2x+3\ge0;x^2-x+2\ge0\)

\(\sqrt{2x^2-1}+\sqrt{x^2-3x-2}=\sqrt{2x^2+2x+3}+\sqrt{x^2-x+2}\)

<=> \(\left(\sqrt{2x^2+2x+3}-\sqrt{2x^2-1}\right)+\left(\sqrt{x^2-x+2}-\sqrt{x^2-3x-2}\right)=0\)

 \(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2x+4}{\sqrt{2x^2+2x+3}+\sqrt{2x^2-1}}+\frac{2x+4}{\sqrt{x^2-x+2}+\sqrt{x^2-3x-2}}=0\)

<=> \(\left(2x+4\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2x^2+2x+3}+\sqrt{2x^2-1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{x^2-x+2}+\sqrt{x^2-3x-2}}\right)=0\)(1)

Vì \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2x^2+2x+3}+\sqrt{2x^2-1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{x^2-x+2}+\sqrt{x^2-3x-2}}>0\)

nên pt(1) <=> \(2x+4=0\Leftrightarrow x=-2\)(tmđk)

Vậy x=-2

Em kiểm tra lại đề bài câu trên nhé

2, 

PT

<=> \(\left(\sqrt{2x^2+2x+3}-\sqrt{2x^2-1}\right)+\left(\sqrt{x^2-x+2}-\sqrt{x^2-3x-2}\right)=0\)

<=> \(\frac{2x+4}{\sqrt{2x^2+2x+3}+\sqrt{2x^2-1}}+\frac{2x+4}{\sqrt{x^2-x+2}+\sqrt{x^2-3x-2}}=0\)

<=> \(\orbr{\begin{cases}x=-2\left(tmĐK\right)\\\frac{1}{\sqrt{2x^2+2x+3}+\sqrt{2x^2-1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{x^2-x+2}+\sqrt{x^2-3x-2}}=0\left(2\right)\end{cases}}\)

PT (2) vô nghiệm do VT>0 với x tm ĐKXĐ
Vậy x=-2

\(a,PT\Leftrightarrow\left|x+3\right|=3x-6\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+3=3x-6\left(x\ge-3\right)\\x+3=6-3x\left(x< -3\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{9}{2}\left(tm\right)\\x=\dfrac{3}{4}\left(ktm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{9}{2}\\ b,PT\Leftrightarrow\left|x-1\right|=\left|2x-1\right|\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-1=2x-1\\1-x=2x-1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=\dfrac{2}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(c,ĐK:x\le\dfrac{2}{5}\\ PT\Leftrightarrow4-5x=25x^2-20x+4\\ \Leftrightarrow25x^2-15x=0\\ \Leftrightarrow5x\left(5x-3\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\left(tm\right)\\x=\dfrac{3}{5}\left(ktm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x=0\\ d,ĐK:x\le\dfrac{2}{5}\\ PT\Leftrightarrow4-5x=2-5x\\ \Leftrightarrow x\in\varnothing\)